topic There is another thread where in Intel® Fortran Compiler

Intrisic function sum creates errors and memory leaks ?

Noro — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 11:26:15 GMT

I recently updated my ifort compiler up to version 19.1.0.166 20191121 (in parallel studio 2020), and running my series of testcases I get some errors. 1. ERRORS: If I compile with the options -gen-interface -warn all -check all -traceback -fpe-all -fp-stack-check -ftrapuv -heap-arrays then I get the following message: forrtl: warning (406): fort: (33): Shape mismatch: The extent of dimension 3 of array DENSITYTEST is 1 and the corresponding extent of array is 2 and the backtrace is referencing to this block : do x= xlim_sup, xlim_inf, -1 do i=0, ilim_sup densitytest(x,:,:) = densitytest(x,:,:) +sum( f(x-v(i,1),:,:, i,:)*factor(x,i, :,:,:), dim=3) enddo enddo 2. MEMORY LEAK: Then if I do all this summation by myself, the program runs but I get memory leaking. I noticed the memory leak by watching the consumption of RAM since my computer was swapping and running slow while I was starting to run my program. Note that I get the same memory leaking if I compile without all the previous debugging option and with or without the summation by hand. (So I think that it is a different problem.) I isolate the memory leakage. It was not a hard task, since it was coming from the next block that use also the intrinsic function sum. The leaking is coming from the following line: do while ( any(densitytest(x,:,:)>densitymax) .AND. any(densitytest(x,:,:)>sum(f(x,:,:,0,:),dim=3)) ) Again here, if I do the summation by myself I get no memory leak. I also compiled my initial code with gfortran and I get no error, no memory leaks and every tests was giving the expected results. Also, with ifort 18 I get no such problems. So, is it a known buggus of the new version ? Or am I missing something ? Best.

There is another thread where

andrew_4619 — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 14:03:00 GMT

There is another thread on here where there are errors with shape checking (this is new in the latest compiler), you can switch that option off

Not sure about the memory leak.

Thanks Andrew_4619 for your

Noro — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 14:16:23 GMT

Thanks Andrew_4619 for your answer. Yes, this shape checking seems to be a good track to investigate. Do you know how do I switch off this option ?

/check:shape so I guess

andrew_4619 — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 14:43:00 GMT

/check:shape so I guess /check:noshape I don't have that level loaded as yet.....

look at the run time checks on the Fortran property page in VS for your project.

Yes, on linux it is '-check

Noro — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 15:11:41 GMT

Yes, on linux it is '-check noshape' . So, adding this option to the compilation and doing manually the summation of the 'do while' loop creates no error. Thus, is there a way to use the intrinsic function 'sum' without violate the shape checking ? (and the question about the memory leak remains )

The problem with the code

andrew_4619 — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 15:50:21 GMT

The problem with the code sample in #1 is the sum is using array slices that are not contiguous so I think the code will be creating temporary arrays on the stack, that can be a problem with stack overflow if they are large. That aside I am guessing there could be a leak in the code that makes the temps.

what do you mean my 'manually doing' do you mean making nested loops to do the summation element by element? mAybe pasting some code would be best.

And finally I suggest making a small self contained code example that demonstrates the leak for others to have a play with and so it can be sent to Intel support....

I mean but manual summation,

Noro — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 16:03:00 GMT

I mean but manual summation, I mean do it with a do-loop like : sumtest=0 do p= 1, np sumtest(:,:)= sumtest(:,:) +f(x-v(i,1),:,:, i,p)*factor(x,i,:,:,p) enddo

In your original code

jimdempseyatthecove — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 16:15:36 GMT

In your original code

do x= xlim_sup, xlim_inf, -1
 do i=0, ilim_sup
 densitytest(x,:,:) = densitytest(x,:,:) +sum( f(x-v(i,1),:,:, i,:)*factor(x,i, :,:,:), dim=3)
 enddo
 enddo

The content of the sum is a vector expression (array product) that is producing unnecessary products as you are then only extracting the sum of the resultant array's dim3. You should consider producing the temporary array product of the cells that will produce the values to be summed.

Jim Dempsey

Thanks Jim for your

Noro — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 21:06:29 GMT

Thanks Jim for your suggestion. However, I do not get what would the benefit of creating a temporary 3-D array to do the operation f(x-v(i,1),:,:, i,:)*factor(x,i, :,:,:), then use the function sum on dimension 3, vs a do-loop over the third dimension and create en temporary 2-D array containing directly the summation of the product. To make it clearer, what is the gain of your suggestion (if I understood well) : do x= xlim_sup, xlim_inf, -1 do i=0, ilim_sup temp3D(:,:,:) = f(x-v(i,1),:,:, i,:)*factor(x,i, :,:,:) densitytest(x,:,:) = densitytest(x,:,:) +sum( temp3D, dim=3) enddo enddo vs do x= xlim_sup, xlim_inf, -1 do i=0, ilim_sup temp2D=0 do p=1,pmax temp2D(:,:) = temp2D(:,:) + f(x-v(i,1),:,:, i,p)*factor(x,i, :,:,p) enddo densitytest(x,:,:) = densitytest(x,:,:) +temp2D(:,:) enddo enddo Also, could you explain a bit why ?

The original code is

jimdempseyatthecove — Wed, 22 Jan 2020 23:07:00 GMT

The original code is illustrating a compiler bug (memory leak as reported).
The original code is also inefficient in two ways:

1) The array expression is generating temporaries (compiler doing this)
2) Due to your preference of index order, the array slices are not contiguous (and thus experience collection into a contiguous temporary)

The reason for the collection into a contiguous temporary is such that the CPU SIMD instructions can be exploited.

You might try the following with your post #1 code

block
  integer :: I1, I2, I3
  real, dimension(:,:,:) allocatable :: Temp3D, Prod
  real, dimension(:,:) allocatable :: Temp2D
  I1 = size(factor, dim=3)
  I2 = size(factor, dim=4)
  I3 = size(factor, dim=5)
  allocate(Temp2D(I1,I2), Temp3D(I1, I2, I3), Prod(I1, I2, I3))
  
  do x= xlim_sup, xlim_inf, -1
    do i=0, ilim_sup
      Temp3D = f(x-v(i,1),:,:, i,:) ! copy slice into contiguous memory
      Prod = factor(x,i, :,:,:)     ! copy slice into contiguous memory
      Prod = Prod * Temp3D
      Temp2D = sum( Prod, dim=3)
      densitytest(x,:,:) = densitytest(x,:,:) + Temp2D
    enddo
  enddo 
end block

I haven't tested the above as to if it eliminates all expression temporaries.

Note, if you swap the x index of densitytest to last index then the last statement of the inner loop is vectorizable.

Jim Dempsey