Error Passing Objects to PageRank

Alechiove — Sun, 29 Jan 2023 14:59:38 GMT

Hi!

I'm trying to write down a program with buffers to perform PageRank algorithm.

The code that works with stl reads a csv with edges of the graph. Returns a std::vector<std::vector<int>>. Then, i flat that vector to a std::vector<int>.

The problem is in the lambda function that starts down the code for the ranks calculation. But i can't figure out if it is the vectors or some hyperparameters...

Can someone help me?

Here's the Code:

#include <sycl/sycl.hpp> #include <sycl/ext/intel/fpga_extensions.hpp> // #include <oneapi/mkl/blas.hpp> #include <cmath> #include <chrono> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <cmath> #include "guideline.h" #include "print_vector.h" #include "print_time.h" #include "read_graph.h" #include "flatVector.h" using namespace sycl; int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ // Check CL Parameters if(argc < 5){ // FAILURE guideline(); return 0; } else{ // Parse CL Objects int device_selected = atoi(argv[1]); std::string csv_path = argv[2]; float threshold = atof(argv[3]); float damping = atof(argv[3]); device d; // Select Accelerator if(device_selected == 1){ d = device(cpu_selector()); //# cpu_selector returns a cpu device } if(device_selected == 2){ try { d = device(gpu_selector()); //# gpu_selector returns a gpu device } catch (exception const& e) { std::cout << "Cannot select a GPU\n" << e.what() << "\n"; std::cout << "Using a CPU device\n"; d = device(cpu_selector()); //# cpu_selector returns a cpu device } } if(device_selected == 3){ ext::intel::fpga_selector d; } // Queue queue q(d); std::cout << "Device : " << q.get_device().get_info<info::device::name>() << "\n"; // print del device // Time for setup auto start_setup = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); // Graph Expressed by edges std::vector<std::vector<int>> graph = Read_graph(csv_path);/*edges of graph (Sparse matrix rep.)*/ std::vector<int> flatGraph = flatten<int>(graph); // Calculation of # nodes int numNodes = countNodes(graph); // Degree of Each node std::vector<int> degreesNodes = getDegrees(graph, numNodes+1); auto end_setup = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); // prints for debug print_time(start_setup, end_setup); // prints for debug //printVector<int>(degreesNodes); //Init - Final Vectors for ratings [R(t); R(t+1)] std::vector<float> ranks_t(numNodes, (float)(1.0/ (float)(numNodes))); std::vector<float> ranks_t_plus_one(numNodes); // Pagerank Execution Time auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); buffer<int> bufferEdges(flatGraph.data(),flatGraph.size()); buffer<float> bufferRanks(ranks_t.data(),ranks_t.size()); buffer<int> bufferDegrees(degreesNodes.data(),degreesNodes.size()); buffer<float> bufferRanksNext(ranks_t_plus_one.data(),ranks_t_plus_one.size()); float distance = threshold + 1; while (distance > threshold) { q.submit([&](handler &h){ auto accessorsEdges = bufferEdges.get_access<access::mode::read>(h); auto accessorsRanks = bufferRanks.get_access<access::mode::read>(h); auto accessorsDegrees = bufferDegrees.get_access<access::mode::read>(h); auto accessorsRanksNext = bufferRanksNext.get_access<access::mode::read_write>(h); h.parallel_for(range<1>(numNodes),[=] (id<1> i){// Errors not device copiable accessorsRanksNext[i] = (1.0 - damping) / numNodes; int index_node_i; int index_node_j; for (int j = 0; j<flatGraph.size() / 2;j++) { index_node_i = 2 * j; index_node_j = index_node_i + 1; if (accessorsEdges[index_node_j] == i) { accessorsRanksNext[i] += damping * accessorsRanks[accessorsEdges[index_node_i]] / accessorsDegrees[accessorsEdges[index_node_i]]; } } }); }); distance = 0; for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { distance += (ranks_t[i] - ranks_t_plus_one[i]) * (ranks_t[i] - ranks_t_plus_one[i]); } distance = sqrt(distance); ranks_t_plus_one = ranks_t; } auto end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); // Print printVector(ranks_t_plus_one); std::cout<<std::endl<<std::endl<<std::endl; std::cout<<"Final Norm:\t"<<distance<<std::endl; // Print time PageRank print_time(start, end); return 0; } }

Errors:

BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:34:24: warning: 'cpu_selector' is deprecated: Use the callable sycl::cpu_selector_v instead. [-Wdeprecated-declarations] d = device(cpu_selector()); //# cpu_selector returns a cpu device ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/device_selector.hpp:74:21: note: 'cpu_selector' has been explicitly marked deprecated here class __SYCL_EXPORT __SYCL2020_DEPRECATED( ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/detail/defines_elementary.hpp:52:40: note: expanded from macro '__SYCL2020_DEPRECATED' #define __SYCL2020_DEPRECATED(message) __SYCL_DEPRECATED(message) ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/detail/defines_elementary.hpp:43:38: note: expanded from macro '__SYCL_DEPRECATED' #define __SYCL_DEPRECATED(message) [[deprecated(message)]] ^ BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:38:28: warning: 'gpu_selector' is deprecated: Use the callable sycl::gpu_selector_v instead. [-Wdeprecated-declarations] d = device(gpu_selector()); //# gpu_selector returns a gpu device ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/device_selector.hpp:62:21: note: 'gpu_selector' has been explicitly marked deprecated here class __SYCL_EXPORT __SYCL2020_DEPRECATED( ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/detail/defines_elementary.hpp:52:40: note: expanded from macro '__SYCL2020_DEPRECATED' #define __SYCL2020_DEPRECATED(message) __SYCL_DEPRECATED(message) ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/detail/defines_elementary.hpp:43:38: note: expanded from macro '__SYCL_DEPRECATED' #define __SYCL_DEPRECATED(message) [[deprecated(message)]] ^ BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:42:28: warning: 'cpu_selector' is deprecated: Use the callable sycl::cpu_selector_v instead. [-Wdeprecated-declarations] d = device(cpu_selector()); //# cpu_selector returns a cpu device ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/device_selector.hpp:74:21: note: 'cpu_selector' has been explicitly marked deprecated here class __SYCL_EXPORT __SYCL2020_DEPRECATED( ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/detail/defines_elementary.hpp:52:40: note: expanded from macro '__SYCL2020_DEPRECATED' #define __SYCL2020_DEPRECATED(message) __SYCL_DEPRECATED(message) ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/detail/defines_elementary.hpp:43:38: note: expanded from macro '__SYCL_DEPRECATED' #define __SYCL_DEPRECATED(message) [[deprecated(message)]] ^ In file included from BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:1: In file included from /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/sycl.hpp:11: In file included from /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/accessor.hpp:25: In file included from /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/image.hpp:18: /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/types.hpp:2440:3: error: static assertion failed due to requirement 'is_device_copyable<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int>>, void>::value || detail::IsDeprecatedDeviceCopyable<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int>>, void>::value': The specified type is not device copyable static_assert(is_device_copyable<FieldT>::value || ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/types.hpp:2438:7: note: in instantiation of template class 'sycl::detail::CheckFieldsAreDeviceCopyable<(lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51), 4>' requested here : CheckFieldsAreDeviceCopyable<T, NumFieldsToCheck - 1> { ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/types.hpp:2438:7: note: in instantiation of template class 'sycl::detail::CheckFieldsAreDeviceCopyable<(lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51), 5>' requested here /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/types.hpp:2438:7: note: in instantiation of template class 'sycl::detail::CheckFieldsAreDeviceCopyable<(lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51), 6>' requested here /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/types.hpp:2473:7: note: in instantiation of template class 'sycl::detail::CheckFieldsAreDeviceCopyable<(lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51), 7>' requested here : CheckFieldsAreDeviceCopyable<FuncT, __builtin_num_fields(FuncT)>, ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/types.hpp:2481:7: note: in instantiation of template class 'sycl::detail::CheckDeviceCopyable<(lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51)>' requested here : CheckDeviceCopyable<KernelType> {}; ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/handler.hpp:1251:5: note: in instantiation of template class 'sycl::detail::CheckDeviceCopyable<sycl::detail::RoundedRangeKernel<sycl::item<1, true>, 1, (lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51)>>' requested here detail::CheckDeviceCopyable<KernelType>(); ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/handler.hpp:1042:7: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'sycl::handler::kernel_parallel_for_wrapper<sycl::detail::RoundedRangeKernel<sycl::item<1, true>, 1, (lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51)>, sycl::item<1, true>, sycl::detail::RoundedRangeKernel<sycl::item<1, true>, 1, (lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51)>>' requested here kernel_parallel_for_wrapper<KName, TransformedArgType>(Wrapper); ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/handler.hpp:1471:5: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'sycl::handler::parallel_for_lambda_impl<sycl::detail::auto_name, (lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51), 1>' requested here parallel_for_lambda_impl<KernelName>(NumWorkItems, std::move(KernelFunc)); ^ BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:19: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'sycl::handler::parallel_for<sycl::detail::auto_name, (lambda at BUFFER_PageRank.cpp:84:51)>' requested here h.parallel_for(range<1>(numNodes),[=] (id<1> i){// i vettori di interi non sono device copiable ^ /glob/development-tools/versions/oneapi/2023.0/oneapi/compiler/2023.0.0/linux/bin-llvm/../include/sycl/types.hpp:2440:51: note: expression evaluates to 'false || false' static_assert(is_device_copyable<FieldT>::value || ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~ 3 warnings and 1 error generated.

Here's also the rest of the codes for debugging if it helps:

FlatVector.h

#include <iostream> #include <vector> template<typename T> std::vector<T> flatten(const std::vector<std::vector<T>>& nestedVector) { std::vector<T> flatVector; for (const auto& subVector : nestedVector) { for (const auto& element : subVector) { flatVector.push_back(element); } } return flatVector; }

read_graph.h

#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <vector> // #include "print_vector.h" std::vector<int> getDegrees(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &graph, int numNodes) { std::vector<int> degrees(numNodes); for (auto &edge : graph) { ++degrees[edge[0]]; ++degrees[edge[1]]; } return degrees; } std::vector<std::vector<int>> Read_graph(std::string file_name){ // Apertura del file std::ifstream file(file_name); if (!file.is_open()) { std::cerr << "Impossibile aprire il file" << std::endl; return {}; } // Lettura del file riga per riga std::string line; std::vector<std::vector<int>> graph; while (getline(file, line)) { std::stringstream ss(line); std::string cell; std::vector<int> edge; while (getline(ss, cell, ',')) { edge.push_back(stoi(cell)); } graph.push_back(edge); } file.close(); return graph; } int countNodes(std::vector<std::vector<int>> graph){ int numNodes = 0; for(auto &i : graph){ for(auto &j : i){ numNodes = std::max(numNodes, j); } } return numNodes; }

guideline.h

#include <iostream> void guideline(){ std::cout<<"Not enough input parameters!\n\n"; std::cout<<"Usage guide:\n\n"; std::cout<<"First parameter:\tDevice code (as int number)\n"; std::cout<<"\t\t1: CPU\n"; std::cout<<"\t\t2: GPU\n"; std::cout<<"\t\t3: FPGA\n"; std::cout<<"Second parameter:\tCsv path of the dataset\n"; std::cout<<"Available Ones:\n\n"; std::cout<<"\t\t\"datasets/cit-Patents.csv\""<<std::endl; std::cout<<"\t\t\"datasets/soc-LiveJournal1.csv\""<<std::endl; std::cout<<"\t\t\"datasets/twitter-2010.csv\""<<std::endl; std::cout<<"\t\t\"datasets/web-uk-2005-all.csv\""<<std::endl; std::cout<<"Third parameter:\tThreshold (float value)\n"; std::cout<<"Fourth parameter:\tDamping (float value)\n"; }

printTime.h

#include <iostream> #include <chrono> void print_time(std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> start, std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> end){ std::cout << "Elapsed time in nanoseconds: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(end - start).count() << " ns" << std::endl; std::cout << "Elapsed time in microseconds: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end - start).count() << " µs" << std::endl; std::cout << "Elapsed time in milliseconds: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << " ms" << std::endl; std::cout << "Elapsed time in seconds: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(end - start).count() << " sec" << std::endl; }

Re: Error Passing Objects to PageRank

SeshaP_Intel — Thu, 02 Feb 2023 07:06:48 GMT

Hi,

Thank you for posting in Intel Communities.

Could you please try calculating the flatGraph size outside the while loop block using the below command?

auto fd=flatGraph.size();

Hope this resolves your issue. Please let us know if you still face any issues.

Thanks and Regards,

Pendyala Sesha Srinivas

Re: Error Passing Objects to PageRank

Alechiove — Fri, 03 Feb 2023 10:38:35 GMT

Yes, it Worked! thank you so much

Re:Error Passing Objects to PageRank

SeshaP_Intel — Fri, 03 Feb 2023 12:11:10 GMT

Hi,

Thanks for accepting our solution. If you need any additional information, please post a new question as this thread will no longer be monitored by Intel.

Thanks and Regards,

Pendyala Sesha Srinivas

topic Re:Error Passing Objects to PageRank in Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler

Error Passing Objects to PageRank

Re: Error Passing Objects to PageRank

Re: Error Passing Objects to PageRank

Re:Error Passing Objects to PageRank