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I work for a major CFD vendor and recent compiler updates make us looking for an alternative compiler as fast as we can. Almost every update brings in new bugs - between internal compiler errors, that can be mostly handled by slightly changing the code and at least there is a clear indication what is going wrong to the worst possible thing - miscompiled code.Out software has over two millions lines of complex C++ code. The recent Intel 12.1 has bugs that are really bad and extremely hard to find because they only occur when /O3 is used. Disabling optimization fixes the problem, but generates impossibly slow code.The most recent bug miscompiles following trivial code:double const c0 = cos(a(0)), s0 = sin(a(0));double const c1 = cos(a(1)), s1 = sin(a(1));double const c2 = cos(a(2)), s2 = sin(a(2));std::cout << a << c0 << " " << c1 << " " << c2 << " " << s0 << " " << s1 << " " << s2 <<std::endl;The a is a structure of three numbers accessed via simple inline function double const& operator()(int const& i) const { return _data; }The output the compiler produces in this case with full optimization is(0.242077 0 0)0.970842 0.970842 0.970842 0.23972 0.23972 0.23972wih global optimization disabled (via #pragma optimize("g",off)the same fragment produces correct output(0.242077 0 0)0.970842 1 1 0.23972 0 0So there is clearly some aliasing logic completely wrong and ignoring anything but the first variable.Should I mention that these bugs are extremely time consuming to find (weeks to be precise) even with very detailed test suite.Optimization flags used:/O3 /Qtemplate-depth-100 /GR /EHsc -QaxAVX
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what is the icl version you're using? just type "icl", it will print out the sign-on signature.
what is the test data for the a variable? I'd like to try. (if you could attach a small testcase, it would be nice.)
have you tried /fp:precise? it may generate slower-code though.
do you have VS2008 or VS2010?
btw, the latest icl update is the update 11: Intel C++ Intel 64 Compiler XE for applications running on Intel 64, Version 12.1.5.344 Build 20120612
Jennfer
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Petr,
A while ago there was some issue with trigonometric functions ( sine or cosine ) and it is possible that your problem is
related to that. I'll try to follow up with more technical detailssome time later.
Best regards,
Sergey
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(0.242077 0 0)
[SergeyK] There is inconsistency with a number of variables in the 'std::cout' statement and both outputs.
Simply count variables andnumbers in outputs.
I don't see "an aliasing problem" and I rathersee a roundingproblem. Please take a look atre-formatted outputs:
But, I'm not trying to defend Intel C++ compiler becauseinyour case something is wrong.
I was monitoring Intel C++ compiler forum for about 6 months ( 11.2011 - 04.2012 )in order to get some
information on different problems and bugs. I was able to see that in some simple test-cases Intel C++ compiler was
failing and I didn't like it. However, when a real integration of Intel C++ compiler for the project started
in April everything was really smooth and it was completed in about 2 weeks.
Do you think that a "threat" tostop usingIntel C++ compiler is right? If you don't use another C++ compiler on
your project from the beginning a port ofthe two-million-code-lines project could beanother disaster. Isn't that true?
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--- code begins ----
a = Vector<3,double>(0,1,2);
double const c0 = cos(a(0)), s0 = sin(a(0));
double const c1 = cos(a(1)), s1 = sin(a(1));
double const c2 = cos(a(2)), s2 = sin(a(2));
std::cout << c0 << " " << c1 << " " << c2 << " " << s0 << " " << s1 << " " << s2 << std::endl;
---- code ends ----
so we expect six distinct numbers, correct?
optimization on
1 1 1 0 0 0
optimization off (#pragma optimize("g",off)
1 0.540302 -0.416147 0 0.841471 0.909297
so there is clearly something very bad going on and unlike most other cases I already reported in this case it does not even include a loop vectorization which is where most of the regressions tend to happen
I submitted five regression reports so far against version 12 - new bugs not present in version 11.1.065 and I think couple more are on the way. The progress is unfortunately slow because it involves multiple runs of complex test cases and selective recompilation and optimization disabling
Petr
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Petr
Could you let me know the five ticket numbers?
And thanks for the small testcase. We're investigating this issue right now.
Jennifer
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Strange, I'm not seen the issue: running on a Sandybridge.
C:\Jennifer\Issues\AVX>icl -O3 /MD /Zi /GR /EHsc -QxAVX avx.cpp
Intel C++ Intel 64 Compiler XE for applications running on Intel 64, Ve
rsion 12.1.5.344 Build 20120612
Copyright (C) 1985-2012 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
avx.cpp
Microsoft Incremental Linker Version 10.00.40219.01
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-out:avx.exe
-debug
-pdb:avx.pdb
avx.obj
C:\Jennifer\Issues\AVX>avx
1 0.540302 -0.416147 0 0.841471 0.909297
C:\Jennifer\Issues\AVX>type avx.cpp
#include
using namespace std;
class Vec
{
double _data[3];
public:
double const& operator()(unsigned int const& i) const { return _data; }
Vec(double const& a, double const& b, double const& c)
{
_data[0] = a;
_data[1] = b;
_data[2] = c;
}
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Vec b(0,1,2);
double const c0 = cos(b(0)), s0 = sin(b(0));
double const c1 = cos(b(1)), s1 = sin(b(1));
double const c2 = cos(b(2)), s2 = sin(b(2));
std::cout << c0 << " " << c1 << " " << c2 << " " << s0 << " " << s1 << "
" << s2 << std::endl;
return 0;
}
C:\Jennifer\Issues\AVX>
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Jennifer
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Yeh, the addition code brought in a lot of stuff from the header. Now Ican duplicate the issue on the sandybridge, and am sending it to the compiler engineering right now.
I'll update you when there is any progress. Thanks for the testcase again.
Jennifer
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Petr,
A while ago there was some issue with trigonometric functions ( sine or cosine ) and it is possible that your problem is
related to that. I'll try to follow up with more technical detailssome time later...
This is a test-case that was used to reproduce the problem. Please take a look:
>> Output <<
> Test1017 Start <
Sub-Test 26
0 0.000000 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 AbsError 1: 0.0000000000 AbsError 2: 0.0000000000
1 0.500000 0.4794255495071411 0.4794255495071411 AbsError 1: 0.0000000000 AbsError 2: 0.0000004470
2 1.000000 0.8414709568023682 0.8414709568023682 AbsError 1: 0.0000000000 AbsError 2: 0.0000000596
3 1.500000 0.9974949359893799 0.9974949955940247 AbsError 1: -0.0000000596 AbsError 2: 0.0000000000
4 2.000000 0.9092961549758911 0.9092974066734314 AbsError 1: -0.0000012517 AbsError 2: -1.8185943961
5 2.500000 0.5984489321708679 0.5984721183776856 AbsError 1: -0.0000231862 AbsError 2: -1.1969441175
6 3.000000 0.1408745944499970 0.1411200016736984 AbsError 1: -0.0002454072 AbsError 2: -0.2822400033
7 3.500000 -0.3525765836238861 -0.3507832288742065 AbsError 1: -0.0017933547 AbsError 2: 0.0000002384
8 4.000000 -0.7668045759201050 -0.7568024992942810 AbsError 1: -0.0100020766 AbsError 2: 0.0000004768
9 4.500000 -1.0228917598724365 -0.9775301218032837 AbsError 1: -0.0453616381 AbsError 2: 0.0000001192
10 5.000000 -1.1336172819137573 -0.9589242935180664 AbsError 1: -0.1746929884 AbsError 2: 1.9178482890
11 5.500000 -1.2947624921798706 -0.7055402994155884 AbsError 1: -0.5892221928 AbsError 2: 1.4110803008
> Test1017 End <
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If I remember the problem was related to thebuilt-in x87fsin instruction.MSVCRT sin() functions calls x87 fsin to calculate the values of sine function.
A while ago there was some issue with trigonometric functions ( sine
Problem was centered around the fsin range reduction algorithm which used 53-bit precision approximation to thevalue of Pi.Dividing infinite precision transcendental Pi which was approximated to some point by 53-bit value by the number representing a periods of sine functions probably induced some error which manifested itself as a shift from the true value.
Btw Java.Math class does range reduction properly and feeds fsin with the reduced [-Pi/4,Pi/4] range values.
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A work-around was to reduce range by an exact multiple of the long double approximation to Pi, which is supported by x87 remaindering, but doesn't improve accuracy, except in the sense of producing a bounded value for the result. Naturally, people ran into surprises with extreme values when they switched between fsin and a software library range reduction.
You may be speaking of a particular implementation of Java, although of course Java went to some lengths to avoid numerical differences among implementations.
Modern commercial compilers like Intel's avoid fsin entirely, unless you are compiling for 32-bit mode and specifically request x87 code. The time required to call fsin is unacceptable in many applications.
IBM compilers are advertised as using a fully accurate algorithm for trigonometric range reduction, where I believe the run time becomes quite large for huge argument magnitudes.
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I'm talking about Java 5 or 6.Programmers who wrote Java.Math classgot unsatisfactionary results(very high absolute error of 5-6 decimal places)when Math.sin() was binary translated by JIT compilerto fsin.The problem was the range reductionimplemented by fsin.In order to achievemore accurate results software range-reduction algorithm was developed.AFAIK Every Javaimplementation from the version 4 or 5 for sine calculation uses Java StrictMath library which in turn is based on FDLIBM 5 implementation.
>>The time required to call fsin is unacceptable in many applications
VML sin() can achieve on average ~21 cycles per element for randomaly choosen 1000-element vector so it is 2x times faster than scalar fsin.Interesting how the range reduction is implemented and how the Pi is approximated that's mean at what precision?
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If I remember the problem was related to thebuilt-in x87fsin instruction...
A while ago there was some issue with trigonometric functions ( sine
I've found a thread and please take a look:
Vectorization of sin/cos results in wrong values
February 8th, 2012
http://software.intel.com/en-us/forums/showthread.php?t=102930&o=a&s=lr
Posts #34, #39 and #40 are final statementsfrom Intel Software Engineers regarding the problem.
Best regards,
Sergey
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Thanks for posting this link it was a great read.Vectorization of sin/cos results in wrong values
February 8th, 2012
http://software.intel.com/en-us/forums/showthread.php?t=102930&o=a&s=lr
Btw the subject of this discussion is probably VML sin function.
Taylor series for sine function will return an accurate result up to 3 radian.From mathematical point of view it is infinitely convergeable,but when executed on digital computer the upper bound is 3.
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