13th gen CPUs can run up to 100°C without causing any damage or degradation to the cores. However, this also depends on other factors such as voltage, power, and cooling. Generally, higher voltage and power consumption can lead to faster degradation. Therefore, it is advisable to keep the voltage and power within reasonable limits, and use adequate cooling solutions to prevent overheating.
As for the cause of degradation, it is a complex phenomenon that involves various physical and chemical processes, such as electromigration, hot carrier injection, thermal cycling, etc. These processes can affect the performance and reliability of the transistors and interconnects in the CPU over time, and cause errors or failures. Degradation can be accelerated by high temperature, voltage, current, and frequency, as well as environmental factors such as humidity, radiation, and dust. Therefore, it is important to monitor and optimize these parameters to ensure the longevity of your CPU.
For reference, you can check the following links:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000092345/processors.htmlhttps://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005791/processors/intel-core-processors.htmlhttps://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005597/processors.html
