If I understand the question: Yes, you should be able to set up an NFS export from the Linux server, mount it on the Mac, and install the compiler to this shared filesystem. The one caveat is that the Xcode integrations would probably still be done on the local /Developer filesystem, unless that too was an NFS export from the linux server.
Now if the user is asking if an executable built with the Mac compiler can run on linux, the answer is no. the binaries and executables created will only run under Mac OS X.
ron
