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A simple UART (with parity) needs e.g. about 70 logic cells for RxD and 32 for TxD, in addition some logic cells for a baud rate divider, that can be shared by all UART instances. It's just some lines of VHDL code written from the scratch. You'll also find a simple UART design a opencores http://www.opencores.org/projects.cgi/web/uart/overview, some examples have been previously posted at alteraforum.
Probably. There are many different levels of UART, flow control and buffering will add lots of size and complexity. If you just want a dumb 2 wire (TX/RX) interface it would be very small and fit easily on a cheap cyclone.