Solved: I don't know exactly what

Sakura · ‎03-30-2020

Hi!

I am using VTune to measure the different levels of cache hits and misses (Load). I assumed L2_MISS = L3_HIT + L3_MISS (similarly for L1 and L2) but this does not seem to satisfy from the output below?

Config : Intel Core i3-5005u + Windows 10

CPU
Name:   Intel(R) Core(TM) Processor code named Broadwell
Frequency:   2.0 GHz
Logical CPU Count:   4

Elapsed Time:   60.004s
CPU Time:   25.576s
CPI Rate:   1.641
Total Thread Count:   4
Paused Time:   0s

Hardware Events
Hardware Event Type   Hardware Event Count   Hardware Event Sample Count   Events Per Sample
BACLEARS.ANY   223,106,693   97   100003
BR_MISP_RETIRED.ALL_BRANCHES_PS   64,401,449   7   400009
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.ONE_THREAD_ACTIVE   1,497,344,919   651   100003
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_TSC   51,034,000,000   25,517   2000000
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_XCLK   2,645,079,350   1,150   100003
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.THREAD   51,314,000,000   25,657   2000000
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.THREAD_P   47,242,070,863   1,027   2000003
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L1D_MISS   13,616,020,424   296   2000003
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L2_MISS   10,350,015,525   225   2000003
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_MEM_ANY   20,332,030,498   442   2000003
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_TOTAL   29,992,044,988   652   2000003
INST_RETIRED.ANY   31,262,000,000   15,631   2000000
INST_RETIRED.PREC_DIST   30,130,045,195   655   2000003
INST_RETIRED.X87   0   0   2000003
INT_MISC.RECOVERY_CYCLES   276,000,414   6   2000003
ITLB_MISSES.STLB_HIT   50,601,518   22   100003
ITLB_MISSES.WALK_COMPLETED   85,102,553   37   100003
ITLB_MISSES.WALK_DURATION   2,884,286,526   1,254   100003
L1D.REPLACEMENT   1,518,002,277   33   2000003
L1D_PEND_MISS.FB_FULL   46,000,069   1   2000003
L1D_PEND_MISS.PENDING   33,810,050,715   735   2000003
L2_RQSTS.RFO_HIT   55,200,828   12   200003
LD_BLOCKS.NO_SR   0   0   100003
LD_BLOCKS.STORE_FORWARD   39,101,173   17   100003
LD_BLOCKS_PARTIAL.ADDRESS_ALIAS   71,302,139   31   100003
LSD.CYCLES_4_UOPS   138,000,207   3   2000003
LSD.CYCLES_ACTIVE   92,000,138   2   2000003
LSD.UOPS   506,000,759   11   2000003
MACHINE_CLEARS.COUNT   2,300,069   1   100003
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HITM_PS   27,154,927   59   20011
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HIT_PS   10,585,819   23   20011
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_MISS_PS   5,523,036   12   20011
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.HIT_LFB_PS   565,816,974   246   100003
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_HIT_PS   6,716,010,074   146   2000003
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_MISS_PS   761,322,839   331   100003
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_HIT_PS   434,713,041   189   100003
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS_PS   332,489,587   289   50021
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT_PS   287,620,750   250   50021
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS   9,200,644   4   100007
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS_PS   6,900,483   3   100007
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.ALL_STORES_PS   5,888,008,832   128   2000003
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.LOCK_LOADS_PS   262,218,354   114   100007
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_LOADS_PS   4,600,138   2   100003
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_STORES_PS   0   0   100003
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_LOADS_PS   108,103,243   47   100003
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_STORES_PS   2,300,069   1   100003

Any help regarding this would be appreciated.

Thanks!

McCalpinJohn · ‎04-03-2020

The estimates are still only good to about 25% with 4 "hardware event sample counts".

Multiplexing the counters over this many different counter sets adds a level of uncertainty that cannot easily be quantified.

If you restrict the counters to a single set that captures the values that you are trying to compare, the results should be reliable enough for you to decide whether the counts are consistent. You only need three counters for this test:

MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS

View solution in original post

ArunJ_Intel · ‎04-02-2020

Hi Sakura,

Could you please share the vtune results with us so we can take a look into the issue about cache hits and misses.

Arun Jose

Dmitry_R_Intel1 · ‎04-02-2020

I have a few suggestions:

1. Please use 'Limit PMU collection to counting' option to improve the accuracy

2. Please try to disable hardware prefetchers (through BIOS or MSR as described here: https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/disclosure-of-hw-prefetcher-control-on-some-intel-processors) if possible. The MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED events accound only for demand loads and if data was brought by prefetcher they won't increment

McCalpinJohn · ‎04-02-2020

It is important to understand that VTune uses a sampling methodology and that VTune is multiplexing the counters across the various events.

If you look at the third column ("Hardware Event Sample Count") for MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS and MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS_PS, you will see that those events were only counted 4 times and 3 times, respectively. The "Hardware Event Count" in column 2 is not directly measured -- it is a scaled estimate based on the "Hardware Event Sample Count", the "Events Per Sample" value, and the fraction of the execution time during which each performance counter event was active.

Using the same L3_MISS events as an example:

MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS 9,200,644 4 100007
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS_PS 6,900,483 3 100007

dividing the "Hardware Event Count" by the "Hardware Event Sample Count" and then dividing by the "Events Per Sample" value gives exactly 23. This suggests that VTune was multiplexing 23 different performance counter event sets, and that each set was only being measured (approximately) 1/23rd of the time. Each of the "Hardware Event Counts" should be interpreted as having a relative uncertainty of (at least) 1/(Hardware Event Sample Count) -- i.e., 25% for MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS and 33% for MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS_PS.

If you want more precise estimates, you should limit the sampling to a much smaller number of counters.
The most precise numbers come from measuring a single set of events for the full duration of the program, rather than using a sampling methodology.

It is also true that the MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED events only count accesses due to demand loads, and not those due to activity of the L2 HW prefetchers. When the prefetchers are working well the L2 and L3 cache miss counts can be reduced substantially. This makes these events good for finding loads that don't get their data prefetched (and therefore have a much higher chance of causing stalls), but not good for estimating the total amount of traffic through the cache hierarchy. The L2_RQSTS events and the OFFCORE_RESPONSE events are more useful for getting an idea of the total traffic for various transaction types at each level of the cache hierarchy.

Sakura · ‎04-03-2020

I tried disabling the H/W Prefetchers using PCM

#include <iostream>
#include <bitset>
#include <vector>

#include "cpucounters.h"
#include "msr.h"

constexpr uint64 MSR_NUM = 0x1A4U;

int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
    PCM *m = PCM::getInstance();
    if (m->program() != PCM::Success) {
        std::cout << "Failed to init PCM" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<SafeMsrHandle>> MSR;

    for (int i = 0; i < m->getNumCores(); ++i) {
        if (m->isCoreOnline(int32(i))) {
            MSR.push_back(std::make_shared<SafeMsrHandle>(i));
        } else {
            MSR.push_back(std::make_shared<SafeMsrHandle>());
        }
    }

    uint64 val = 0x0FU;

    //Read MSR Value
    for (auto &msr : MSR) {
        if (!(msr->read(MSR_NUM, &val))) {
            std::cout << msr->getCoreId() << " error while read" << std::endl;
        };
        std::cout << "Core : " << msr->getCoreId() << " \t "
                  << "MSR Value : " << std::bitset<64>(val) << std::endl;
    }

    //Write MSR Value
    val = 0x0FU;    //Disable H/W Prefetcher

    for (auto &msr : MSR) {
        if (!msr->write(MSR_NUM, val)) {
            std::cout << "error writing to MSR of core : " << msr->getCoreId() << std::endl;
        };
    }

    std::cout << std::endl;

    //Read MSR Value
    for (auto &msr : MSR) {
        if (!(msr->read(MSR_NUM, &val))) {
            std::cout << msr->getCoreId() << " error while reading" << std::endl;
        };
        std::cout << "Core : " << msr->getCoreId() << " \t "
                  << "MSR Value : " << std::bitset<64>(val) << std::endl;
    }

    m->resetPMU();

    return 0;
}

Config #1 : Disabled H/W Prefetcher and Enabled 'Limit PMU collection to counting'

Hardware Events
Hardware Event Type   Hardware Event Count   Hardware Event Sample Count   Events Per Sample   Precise
BACLEARS.ANY   557,855,130   4   [Unknown]
BR_MISP_RETIRED.ALL_BRANCHES_PS   216,106,360   4   [Unknown]
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.ONE_THREAD_ACTIVE   7,621,940,670   4   [Unknown]
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_TSC   181,953,469,200   4   [Unknown]
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_XCLK   9,097,798,600   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L1D_MISS   26,758,381,920   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L2_MISS   24,291,134,900   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_MEM_ANY   57,794,419,100   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_TOTAL   87,167,607,370   4   [Unknown]
ICACHE.IFDATA_STALL   15,173,609,210   4   [Unknown]
INST_RETIRED.ANY   183,617,012,740   4   [Unknown]
L1D_PEND_MISS.FB_FULL   463,431,990   4   [Unknown]
L1D_PEND_MISS.PENDING   70,342,063,340   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_CODE_RD   5,923,272,380   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_DATA_RD   3,577,095,470   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_MISS   3,304,622,310   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_REFERENCES   10,677,066,390   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_PF   15,687,420   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_RFO   1,151,078,890   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.DEMAND_DATA_RD_HIT   2,447,918,870   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.L2_PF_HIT   0   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.L2_PF_MISS   0   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.MISS   3,365,589,580   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.RFO_HIT   533,051,550   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.RFO_MISS   629,434,250   4   [Unknown]
MACHINE_CLEARS.COUNT   16,960,030   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HITM_PS   126,786,610   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HIT_PS   10,112,060   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_MISS_PS   4,269,390   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.HIT_LFB_PS   2,061,084,670   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_HIT   38,064,387,780   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_MISS   2,392,083,810   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_HIT   1,752,622,830   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS   639,460,980   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT   431,623,490   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS   51,383,760   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.ALL_STORES_PS   28,383,863,750   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.LOCK_LOADS_PS   825,732,500   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_LOADS_PS   52,038,990   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_STORES_PS   21,278,130   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_LOADS_PS   373,317,710   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_STORES_PS   61,491,230   4   [Unknown]

Config #2 : Disabled H/W Prefetcher and sampling mode

Hardware Events
Hardware Event Type   Hardware Event Count   Hardware Event Sample Count   Events Per Sample   Precise
BACLEARS.ANY   228,006,840   190   100003   False
BR_MISP_RETIRED.ALL_BRANCHES_PS   62,401,404   13   400009   True
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.ONE_THREAD_ACTIVE   1,671,650,148   1,393   100003   False
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_TSC   50,250,000,000   25,125   2000000   False
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_XCLK   2,530,875,924   2,109   100003   False
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L1D_MISS   9,120,013,680   380   2000003   False
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L2_MISS   8,304,012,456   346   2000003   False
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_MEM_ANY   18,360,027,540   765   2000003   False
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_TOTAL   25,632,038,448   1,068   2000003   False
ICACHE.IFDATA_STALL   6,288,009,432   262   2000003   False
INST_RETIRED.ANY   47,268,000,000   23,634   2000000   False
L1D_PEND_MISS.FB_FULL   72,000,108   3   2000003   False
L1D_PEND_MISS.PENDING   22,992,034,488   958   2000003   False
L2_RQSTS.ALL_CODE_RD   2,172,032,580   905   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_DATA_RD   1,288,819,332   537   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_MISS   1,353,620,304   564   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_REFERENCES   3,832,857,492   1,597   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.ALL_PF   2,400,036   1   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.ALL_RFO   388,805,832   162   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.DEMAND_DATA_RD_HIT   852,012,780   355   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.L2_PF_HIT   0   0   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.L2_PF_MISS   0   0   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.MISS   1,272,019,080   530   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.RFO_HIT   172,802,592   72   200003   False
L2_RQSTS.RFO_MISS   189,602,844   79   200003   False
MACHINE_CLEARS.COUNT   2,400,072   2   100003   False
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HITM_PS   39,621,780   165   20011   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HIT_PS   3,361,848   14   20011   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_MISS_PS   960,528   4   20011   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.HIT_LFB_PS   840,025,200   700   100003   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_HIT   10,704,016,056   446   2000003   False
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_HIT_PS   10,656,015,984   444   2000003   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_MISS   852,025,560   710   100003   False
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_MISS_PS   852,025,560   710   100003   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_HIT   615,618,468   513   100003   False
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_HIT_PS   618,018,540   515   100003   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS   217,291,224   362   50021   False
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS_PS   217,291,224   362   50021   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT   180,075,600   300   50021   False
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT_PS   180,075,600   300   50021   True
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS   6,000,420   5   100007   False
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS_PS   6,000,420   5   100007   True
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.ALL_STORES_PS   7,296,010,944   304   2000003   True
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.LOCK_LOADS_PS   261,618,312   218   100007   True
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_LOADS_PS   10,800,324   9   100003   True
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_STORES_PS   0   0   100003   True
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_LOADS_PS   127,203,816   106   100003   True
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_STORES_PS   18,000,540   15   100003   True

Config #3: Enabled H/W Prefetcher and 'Limit PMU collection to counting'

Hardware Events
Hardware Event Type   Hardware Event Count   Hardware Event Sample Count   Events Per Sample   Precise
BACLEARS.ANY   695,117,540   4   [Unknown]
BR_MISP_RETIRED.ALL_BRANCHES_PS   292,146,210   4   [Unknown]
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.ONE_THREAD_ACTIVE   7,303,358,670   4   [Unknown]
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_TSC   206,639,106,600   4   [Unknown]
CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_XCLK   10,331,982,120   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L1D_MISS   41,605,016,090   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_L2_MISS   37,148,777,030   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_MEM_ANY   68,923,672,000   4   [Unknown]
CYCLE_ACTIVITY.STALLS_TOTAL   105,928,596,800   4   [Unknown]
ICACHE.IFDATA_STALL   30,367,994,640   4   [Unknown]
INST_RETIRED.ANY   189,024,991,010   4   [Unknown]
L1D_PEND_MISS.FB_FULL   484,582,810   4   [Unknown]
L1D_PEND_MISS.PENDING   106,322,399,380   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_CODE_RD   6,014,740,260   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_DATA_RD   3,186,052,550   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_MISS   4,528,008,390   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_DEMAND_REFERENCES   10,255,841,370   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_PF   11,375,132,880   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.ALL_RFO   1,048,756,160   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.DEMAND_DATA_RD_HIT   1,575,681,790   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.L2_PF_HIT   3,468,292,610   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.L2_PF_MISS   7,503,845,180   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.MISS   12,229,547,290   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.RFO_HIT   565,553,480   4   [Unknown]
L2_RQSTS.RFO_MISS   481,125,090   4   [Unknown]
MACHINE_CLEARS.COUNT   18,138,280   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HITM_PS   90,361,080   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_HIT_PS   35,474,800   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_L3_HIT_RETIRED.XSNP_MISS_PS   16,199,850   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.HIT_LFB_PS   1,885,967,180   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_HIT   40,356,067,870   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L1_MISS   2,157,009,930   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_HIT   1,142,602,610   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS   1,014,407,320   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT   790,380,810   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS   79,202,220   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.ALL_STORES_PS   29,512,105,850   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.LOCK_LOADS_PS   800,299,390   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_LOADS_PS   63,558,820   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.SPLIT_STORES_PS   30,784,420   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_LOADS_PS   259,247,280   4   [Unknown]
MEM_UOPS_RETIRED.STLB_MISS_STORES_PS   55,236,070   4   [Unknown]

Even after disabling the H/W prefetcher,

(MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS != MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3.HIT + MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS).

In counting mode, L1_MISS equals L2_HIT + L2_MISS (exactly equal) and in sampling mode, they are roughly same, but L2 and L3 cache hit miss counts never satisfies the above equation. (MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS is way too off)

Similar thing happens with 'Analysis in system wide mode'.

MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS has a very low 'Hardware Event Sample Count', but even with that uncertainty, the count is off.

McCalpinJohn · ‎04-03-2020

The estimates are still only good to about 25% with 4 "hardware event sample counts".

Multiplexing the counters over this many different counter sets adds a level of uncertainty that cannot easily be quantified.

If you restrict the counters to a single set that captures the values that you are trying to compare, the results should be reliable enough for you to decide whether the counts are consistent. You only need three counters for this test:

MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS

Sakura · ‎04-03-2020

Limiting to only 3 counters does indeed improve the consistency, not accurate though, but much better than earlier. I guess I will resort to multiple runs for various events.

Config #1: Disable HW Prefetcher and Enable counting mode

Hardware Events
Hardware Event Type   Hardware Event Count   Hardware Event Sample Count   Events Per Sample   Precise
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS   967,014,729   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT   650,476,577   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS   191,093,546   4   [Unknown]

Config #2 : Disable HW Prefetcher and Enable counting mode [PS Events]

Hardware Events
Hardware Event Type   Hardware Event Count   Hardware Event Sample Count   Events Per Sample   Precise
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L2_MISS_PS   773,652,897   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_HIT_PS   521,977,568   4   [Unknown]
MEM_LOAD_UOPS_RETIRED.L3_MISS_PS   111,549,760   4   [Unknown]

McCalpinJohn · ‎04-06-2020

I don't know exactly what tools are available in Windows, but if you want to do arithmetic on counts, it is best to to use a tool that is designed to count and not to sample.

On Linux it is easy to use "perf stat" for whole-program counting.

I just ran a few checks to see whether these counters agree for a simple benchmark. I set up the STREAM benchmark with 200M double-precision elements per array and 10 iterations. There are 6 variables loaded in each iteration, plus 1 read in the setup code and 3 reads in the validation code. So for 10 iterations, I expect 64 loads of variables of type "double". 200M elements * 8 Bytes/element * 64 reads / 8 reads/cacheline = 1,600,000,000 cache line reads expected. Since the arrays are big (1.5 GiB each), I expect essentially all these loads to miss in the L2 and in the L3.

With HW prefetch disabled (and running on one core), I get

$ perf stat -e mem_load_retired.l2_miss -e mem_load_retired.l3_hit -e mem_load_retired.l3_miss ./stream.runtime.COMMON-AVX512.alloc.10x
   1,601,323,903 mem_load_retired.l2_miss
   8,342,415 mem_load_retired.l3_hit
   1,592,966,125 mem_load_retired.l3_miss

The sum of L3 hit and L3 miss divided by L2 misses is .9999904 -- good to 5 digits.

With HW prefetch re-enabled (still on one core), the number of hits and misses decreases by about a factor of 2:

$ perf stat -e mem_load_retired.l2_miss -e mem_load_retired.l3_hit -e mem_load_retired.l3_miss ./stream.runtime.COMMON-AVX512.alloc.10x
   779,846,893 mem_load_retired.l2_miss
   4,895,328 mem_load_retired.l3_hit
   774,940,945 mem_load_retired.l3_miss

Again, the sum of L3 hit and L3 miss is a very close match to L2 miss (.9999863819). Almost exactly 1/2 of the L2 misses and almost exactly 1/2 of the L3 misses "disappear" because the hardware prefetcher is able to fetch the cache lines into the corresponding level of the cache before the load gets there. In this case the HW prefetcher can't do much better because it restarts at the beginning of every 4KiB page, so it can't stay far enough "ahead" of the load stream(s).

If I run on all cores, the memory system gets busier (which increases latency, so the prefetchers are less effective at getting the data into the cache before the load arrives), and the number of L2 and L3 cache misses each increase slightly(about 3.4%):

   806,611,516 mem_load_retired.l2_miss
   4,928,217 mem_load_retired.l3_hit
   801,367,558 mem_load_retired.l3_miss

With HW prefetch disabled and using all cores, the miss counts are a little bit (~3%) smaller than the expected values, and the sum of L3 hit and miss still matches the L2 misses to better than 4 digits. (The 3% discrepancy may be in part due to the "next page prefetcher" which can't be disabled. It would take some careful testing to try to understand the details.)

   1,552,949,519 mem_load_retired.l2_miss
   7,549,747 mem_load_retired.l3_hit
   1,545,250,092 mem_load_retired.l3_miss

Using smaller array sizes (e.g., STREAM_ARRAY_SIZE = 3,145,728 gives exactly 24.0 MiB/array), we get a much higher rate of L3 hits. In the cases I tested, the L3 hit+miss count was about 3% lower than the L2 miss count, but it would take more detailed work to understand if that is significant.

ArunJ_Intel · ‎04-12-2020

Hey Sakura.

Hope your issue is resolved. Could you please confirm if the solutions provided here helps or if there is anything else you need help with.

Thanks

Arun Jose

ArunJ_Intel · ‎04-20-2020

Hey Sakura.,

We are closing this case assuming the solution provided helps. Please feel free to raise a new thread in case of further issues

Thanks

Arun Jose

VTune counting cache hit/miss wrong?